Neuroprotection refers to the clinical and biological strategies aimed at preserving neuronal structure and function against acute injury, chronic degenerative processes, or metabolic insults. This involves safeguarding cellular integrity, mitochondrial health, and synaptic connections within the central nervous system. Supporting neuroprotection is a key goal in extending cognitive healthspan.
Origin
The term originated in acute neurological injury research, such as stroke and trauma, but has expanded to encompass chronic age-related neurodegeneration. It speaks to the active defense of neural tissue.
Mechanism
Neuroprotective mechanisms often involve reducing excitotoxicity, mitigating oxidative stress via enhanced antioxidant capacity, and promoting anti-inflammatory signaling within the brain microenvironment. Certain steroid hormones, like estradiol, exert direct neuroprotective effects by stabilizing mitochondrial membranes and promoting synaptic health. Supporting this requires optimal systemic hormonal milieu.
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