Neuroplasticity is the intrinsic capacity of the central nervous system to undergo structural and functional reorganization throughout life in response to environmental demands, learning, or injury. This malleability allows for the adaptation of neural circuits to optimize information processing. It is the biological substrate for behavioral change and recovery.
Origin
The term is a combination of ‘neuro,’ pertaining to neurons, and ‘plasticity,’ signifying the quality of being molded or shaped. This captures the dynamic nature of brain circuitry.
Mechanism
Functionally, plasticity involves synaptic remodeling, where the strength of connections changes via processes like Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) and Long-Term Depression (LTD). Neurotrophic factors, influenced by systemic health and hormones, play a significant role in modulating the extent of this adaptive remodeling.
Chronic stress can induce long-term, but not necessarily irreversible, hormonal imbalances by epigenetically reprogramming the body's stress response system.
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