The inherent capacity of the central nervous system to reorganize its structure, function, and connections in response to new experiences, learning, or injury. These mechanisms involve molecular and cellular changes, such as synaptogenesis (formation of new synapses) and neurogenesis (creation of new neurons). Maintaining robust neuroplasticity is essential for cognitive resilience, memory function, and protection against age-related neurodegeneration.
Origin
The concept of neuroplasticity emerged in neuroscience, challenging the older dogma that the adult brain was a static, immutable structure. Its integration into hormonal health stems from the discovery that numerous hormones and growth factors, particularly estrogens and IGF-1, act as potent neuromodulators and neurotrophic agents. This connection highlights the endocrine system’s direct role in brain health.
Mechanism
Key hormonal mechanisms include the modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, which promotes the survival and differentiation of neurons and synapses. Hormones like estrogen and testosterone can directly influence dendritic spine density and synaptic transmission efficiency in regions like the hippocampus. By optimizing the hormonal milieu, clinicians aim to support these intrinsic mechanisms of brain repair and functional adaptation.
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