What is the Origin of Neuropeptide Y (NPY)?

NPY was first isolated from the porcine brain in the early 1980s, identifying a novel signaling molecule that was structurally similar to pancreatic polypeptide. The term combines its origin as a neural peptide with the single-letter code for the amino acid tyrosine, which is present at both the N- and C-termini. Its subsequent discovery in numerous tissues established its widespread regulatory importance in human physiology.

What is the Mechanism of Neuropeptide Y (NPY)?

The mechanism of NPY action involves binding to a family of G protein-coupled receptors, designated Y1 through Y5, which are expressed on both neuronal and peripheral cells. In the central nervous system, NPY acts as a powerful orexigenic signal, stimulating food intake and promoting energy storage. Under conditions of stress, NPY is co-released with norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals, exerting an anxiolytic effect and promoting vasoconstriction, thus playing a critical role in the neuroendocrine stress response.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) ∞ Area

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)

Meaning

Neuropeptide Y, or NPY, is a highly conserved 36-amino acid peptide that functions as both a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems and a potent neuromodulator. It is intimately involved in regulating a broad spectrum of physiological processes, including appetite stimulation, energy homeostasis, anxiety reduction, and the body’s response to stress. Clinically, its levels are often implicated in metabolic and psychological disorders.