What is the Origin of Neuropeptide Signaling?

The study of neuropeptide signaling began with the discovery of peptide hormones in the brain, recognizing that neurons could secrete proteinaceous messengers that acted both locally and at distant sites. The term itself is rooted in biochemistry and neuroendocrinology, acknowledging the peptide's dual role as a nervous system messenger and a hormone-like regulator. Examples include Neuropeptide Y and Kisspeptin.

What is the Mechanism of Neuropeptide Signaling?

Neuropeptides are synthesized as larger precursor proteins, which are then cleaved and processed into their active forms and packaged into large dense-core vesicles. Upon release, often co-released with conventional neurotransmitters, they typically bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on target cells. This binding initiates intracellular signaling cascades that modulate gene expression and long-term cellular excitability, thereby controlling complex behaviors like appetite, pain perception, and the reproductive axis.

Neuropeptide Signaling

Meaning

Neuropeptide Signaling is a form of chemical communication in the nervous and endocrine systems mediated by short chains of amino acids called neuropeptides. These signaling molecules are synthesized by neurons and often function as neuromodulators, influencing neural activity and regulating distant physiological processes with slower, longer-lasting effects than classical neurotransmitters. They are pivotal in integrating metabolic status, stress response, and reproductive function.

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