What is the Origin of Neuronal Survival Factors?

This concept originates from developmental neuroscience and is now central to research on neurodegenerative diseases and brain longevity. The role of hormonal health is significant, as endocrine factors, such as estrogen and testosterone, are recognized as powerful, non-classical neurotrophic agents. The decline in these survival factors is strongly correlated with age-related cognitive impairment.

What is the Mechanism of Neuronal Survival Factors?

These factors function by binding to high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors on the neuronal surface, activating intracellular signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK cascades, that suppress pro-apoptotic proteins and upregulate anti-apoptotic ones. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a prime example, promoting synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Sex hormones, by modulating BDNF expression and reducing oxidative stress, contribute significantly to the neuroprotective environment necessary for long-term neuronal viability and robust function.

Neuronal Survival Factors

Meaning

A diverse group of endogenous molecules, primarily neurotrophic factors and specific hormones, that are essential for promoting the growth, differentiation, maintenance, and long-term survival of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. These factors act as vital protective agents, preventing programmed cell death (apoptosis) and supporting the structural integrity of neural circuits. Their presence is crucial for sustaining cognitive function and neurological health throughout life.