The structural soundness and functional robustness of the non-neuronal cellular matrix, primarily composed of glial cells and the extracellular matrix, that supports, protects, and regulates neuronal function within the central nervous system. This scaffolding is vital for synaptic plasticity, nutrient transport, and maintaining the blood-brain barrier. Its integrity is directly influenced by systemic inflammation and specific neurotrophic hormones.
Origin
This term is a conceptual extension from cellular neurobiology, emphasizing the essential supportive role of the non-conducting elements of the nervous system. The metaphor of ‘scaffolding’ highlights the structural necessity for optimal neural communication. The clinical relevance in hormonal health stems from the discovery that hormones like estrogen and progesterone exert neuroprotective effects on these supportive cells.
Mechanism
Integrity is maintained through the coordinated function of astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, which regulate the microenvironment and myelination. Neurotrophic factors, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), encourage the growth and maintenance of this scaffolding. Systemic hormones modulate glial cell activity, influencing inflammatory responses and structural repair, thereby ensuring the stable environment necessary for complex cognitive and emotional processing.
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