What is the Origin of Neuronal Growth Factors?

The concept originated with the groundbreaking discovery of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in the mid-20th century, which established the existence of external factors governing neuronal fate and survival. The term reflects their fundamental, trophic role in promoting the growth and long-term health of the entire nervous system.

What is the Mechanism of Neuronal Growth Factors?

Neuronal growth factors exert their biological effects by binding to specific high-affinity transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (Trk receptors) on the surface of target cells, initiating complex intracellular signaling cascades like the MAPK/ERK pathway. These cascades ultimately lead to changes in gene expression, promoting anti-apoptotic mechanisms, stimulating neurite outgrowth, and supporting robust synaptic function.

Neuronal Growth Factors

Meaning

A diverse group of naturally occurring signaling molecules, primarily proteins or peptides, that regulate the proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration of neurons and other neural cells. These factors are absolutely essential for the proper development of the nervous system and for maintaining synaptic plasticity and neuronal integrity throughout adulthood. Clinically, their circulating levels are often correlated with neurocognitive health and resilience to stress.