What is the Origin of Neuromodulatory Hormone Action?

This concept represents the integration of 'Neuromodulation', the physiological process of altering neural activity, with 'Hormone Action', recognizing the powerful, often slow-acting, role of circulating endocrine signals. It emphasizes the integrated nature of the body's neuroendocrine communication network.

What is the Mechanism of Neuromodulatory Hormone Action?

Steroid hormones, including allopregnanolone and cortisol, act as potent neuromodulators by altering the density, expression, or function of key neurotransmitter receptors, notably the GABA-A and NMDA receptor complexes. They can also influence the synthesis, release, and reuptake kinetics of classical neurotransmitters. This systemic hormonal influence effectively fine-tunes the sensitivity and responsiveness of large-scale neural networks, thereby mediating complex behavioral and emotional states.

Neuromodulatory Hormone Action ∞ Area

Neuromodulatory Hormone Action

Meaning

The non-classical influence exerted by systemic hormones on the overall excitability, synaptic strength, and functional state of neuronal circuits within the central nervous system. Neuromodulation, in this context, adjusts the context or gain of neural communication, fundamentally influencing how the brain processes and responds to subsequent signals. This action is critical for the regulation of mood, cognitive flexibility, and stress adaptation.