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Neuromodulatory Effects

Meaning

Neuromodulatory Effects refer to the complex processes by which various chemical messengers, including hormones, neuropeptides, and specific neurotransmitters, influence the excitability, connectivity, and functional output of neuronal circuits in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Unlike fast, direct neurotransmission, neuromodulation often involves slower, more diffuse, and long-lasting changes in synaptic efficacy and neuronal plasticity. These effects are pivotal in regulating mood, sleep architecture, cognitive performance, and the entire hypothalamic control of the endocrine system.