The continuous, experience-dependent reorganization of neural pathways and synaptic connections within the brain and nervous system, a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. This rewiring is the biological basis for learning, memory formation, recovery from injury, and adaptation to new environments or behavioral patterns. Effective rewiring is essential for cognitive resilience and behavioral flexibility.
Origin
This is a highly translational term for ‘neuroplasticity,’ which combines the Greek neuron (nerve) with plastos (molded). ‘Rewiring’ offers a simple, powerful metaphor for the complex cellular and molecular changes that underpin the brain’s ability to adapt and change throughout life.
Mechanism
Rewiring fundamentally relies on two primary processes: synaptogenesis, the formation of new synapses, and synaptic pruning, the elimination of underutilized connections. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), a key growth factor, and specific hormones like estrogen and testosterone modulate the expression of genes critical for these processes. By promoting a favorable hormonal and neurotrophic environment, the brain’s capacity for adaptive change and cognitive resilience is significantly enhanced.
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