The intrinsic, molecular and cellular mechanisms activated within the nervous system in response to injury, stress, or normal wear and tear, designed to restore structural integrity and functional connectivity. These pathways involve neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, axonal regeneration, and the clearance of damaged cellular components. Supporting these pathways is essential for maintaining cognitive reserve.
Origin
This concept is fundamental to the fields of neurobiology and regenerative medicine, particularly focusing on the brain’s remarkable capacity for plasticity and self-repair throughout the lifespan. Hormonal signaling is a recognized modulator of these processes.
Mechanism
Repair is initiated and regulated by various growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, including Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). These signals promote the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and guide the formation of new synapses, while glial cells actively remove debris, all working synergistically to restore damaged neural networks and enhance resilience.
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