Neuroimmune Imbalance is a state of chronic dysregulation characterized by inappropriate, excessive, or poorly controlled cross-talk between the nervous system and the immune system, leading to persistent systemic inflammation or, conversely, immune suppression. This pathological imbalance can manifest as chronic pain syndromes, neuroinflammation, or the exacerbation of autoimmune conditions, profoundly impacting mood, cognition, and the overall endocrine landscape. It represents a fundamental failure in the adaptive, regulatory mechanisms of the psychoneuroimmunological axis.
Origin
The term is a core concept within the interdisciplinary field of psychoneuroimmunology, which scientifically validates that the brain and the immune system are not separate entities but are constantly communicating partners. “Imbalance” specifically denotes a pathological deviation from the necessary, adaptive homeostatic equilibrium that is required for optimal health.
Mechanism
The mechanism involves the nervous system releasing a variety of signaling molecules, including neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, that directly bind to receptors on immune cells, thereby modulating their function and migratory patterns. Conversely, immune cells release inflammatory mediators and cytokines that cross the blood-brain barrier, directly influencing neurotransmitter synthesis, neuronal activity, and the sensitivity of the HPA axis. Chronic stress is a primary driver of this pathological, inflammatory imbalance.
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