What is the Origin of Neurohormonal Control?

The concept originates from the fields of neuroendocrinology and comparative physiology, emerging from the discovery that the hypothalamus, a brain structure, is a major source of hormones. The term highlights the dual nature of the signaling molecules, which can act as neurotransmitters in one context and circulating hormones in another. This interdisciplinary understanding is essential for comprehending the body's holistic control mechanisms.

What is the Mechanism of Neurohormonal Control?

Neurohormones are synthesized in neurosecretory cells, often located in the hypothalamus, and are then transported down axons to nerve endings in structures like the posterior pituitary gland. Upon appropriate stimulation, these neurohormones, such as Vasopressin and Oxytocin, are released directly into the systemic circulation, allowing for widespread endocrine action. In the anterior pituitary, neurohormones are released into the portal system, controlling the secretion of pituitary trophic hormones, thereby initiating complex regulatory cascades throughout the body.

Neurohormonal Control ∞ Area

Neurohormonal Control

Meaning

Neurohormonal control describes the integrated physiological system where specialized neurons synthesize and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target cells and tissues. This regulatory mechanism effectively bridges the rapid signaling of the nervous system with the slower, sustained action of the endocrine system, ensuring coordinated control over fundamental processes like metabolism, stress response, and fluid balance. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary axis exemplifies this crucial communication modality.