The bidirectional communication and integrated signaling between the nervous system and the endocrine system, representing the body’s primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis and adapting to stress. This critical interface ensures that neural signals translate into hormonal responses and, conversely, that hormones influence neuronal activity and behavior. The Hypothalamus is the central hub for this essential physiological coordination.
Origin
The term combines ‘neuro,’ referring to the nervous system, ‘endocrine,’ referring to the hormone-secreting system, and ‘crosstalk,’ a descriptive term for the reciprocal communication between two distinct systems. This concept formalized the understanding that the brain is not separate from the hormonal system but is intrinsically linked to it. This integrated view is essential for clinical practice.
Mechanism
Neurons in the hypothalamus release neurohormones into the pituitary portal system, directly regulating the release of pituitary hormones, which then control peripheral endocrine glands. Concurrently, circulating hormones cross the blood-brain barrier or act on peripheral receptors to influence neural function, impacting mood, appetite, and energy expenditure. This continuous feedback loop is essential for coordinated whole-body regulation and adaptive function.
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