A class of small, biologically active protein fragments that are endogenously produced or synthetically administered to mitigate neuronal damage, support neurogenesis, and enhance the survival and function of cells within the central and peripheral nervous systems. These peptides often act as signaling molecules, modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and trophic factor production in the brain. They represent a frontier in cognitive and neurological health.
Origin
This concept stems from neuroendocrinology and peptide biochemistry, specifically the discovery of endogenous regulatory peptides with profound effects on brain function, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and various neuropeptides. The clinical application involves leveraging these signaling molecules for therapeutic benefit.
Mechanism
Neuro-protective peptides function by binding to specific high-affinity receptors on neuronal and glial cells, initiating intracellular signaling cascades. Common mechanisms include reducing excitotoxicity, inhibiting apoptosis (programmed cell death), and promoting the repair of damaged myelin sheaths. Many also modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary axes, indirectly influencing neuroendocrine balance and systemic resilience.
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