The study and clinical application of small protein-like molecules used by neurons to communicate, focusing on their crucial role in promoting neuronal survival, regulating mood, and maintaining cognitive function throughout the aging process. These neuropeptides act as neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, critically influencing the longevity of brain function and systemic health. They are vital for the sustained integrity of the central nervous system.
Origin
This field originates from neurochemistry and molecular neuroscience, where the complex signaling molecules within the brain were first identified and characterized. The ‘longevity’ aspect reflects the growing clinical interest in leveraging these endogenous signals to combat age-related neurological decline and improve healthspan.
Mechanism
Neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide Y and various endorphins, exert their effects by binding to specific G-protein coupled receptors on target neurons, modulating synaptic transmission and influencing gene expression related to cellular stress response. Their proper function is essential for regulating appetite, sleep-wake cycles, and the body’s adaptive response to stress, all of which are closely linked to overall lifespan and healthspan.
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