The therapeutic process of strengthening the ability of synapses, the junctions between neurons, to change their structure or function in response to experience or stimulation. Enhancement aims to improve the efficiency of communication across neural networks, which is the biological basis for learning, memory formation, and cognitive resilience. This is a critical target for maintaining long-term brain health and cognitive vitality.
Origin
This term is derived directly from neuroscience. ‘Neural’ relates to the nervous system, ‘Synaptic Plasticity’ is the core concept of how neural connections change and adapt, and ‘Enhancement’ denotes the desired functional improvement. It emphasizes the brain’s dynamic capacity for lifelong learning and adaptation.
Mechanism
Enhancement is largely mediated by neurotrophic factors, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which promotes the growth and survival of neurons and synapses. Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, and thyroid hormone have been shown to directly modulate the expression of BDNF and influence the density of dendritic spines. The mechanism involves increasing the number of receptors at the synapse or strengthening the signaling response, thereby improving the efficiency and durability of neural circuits.
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