The structural and functional reorganization of neuronal connections and pathways within the central nervous system, involving processes such as the formation of new synapses, the pruning of existing ones, and changes in dendritic arborization. This continuous, dynamic process underlies learning, memory, and adaptation, and is profoundly influenced by the hormonal environment across all life stages. It is the physical manifestation of neuroplasticity.
Origin
The term draws from neurobiology, where “neural circuit” refers to interconnected groups of neurons, and “remodeling” signifies a continuous process of structural and functional change. It highlights the brain’s inherent plasticity throughout life, a concept increasingly relevant to hormonal aging and cognitive health.
Mechanism
Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, and glucocorticoids directly modulate the expression of genes involved in synaptic protein synthesis and degradation. Neurotrophic factors, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), are critical effectors, promoting the growth and maintenance of neuronal structures. This remodeling process allows the brain to adapt to new experiences and compensate for age-related damage, with optimal hormonal signaling being essential for maintaining youthful plasticity.
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