This is the ongoing, adaptive process within the central nervous system where the strength, sensitivity, and connectivity of specific neuronal pathways are precisely adjusted in response to experience, learning, and homeostatic needs. This calibration ensures optimal signal-to-noise ratios, allowing for efficient information processing, emotional regulation, and accurate motor control. It is the functional expression of neuroplasticity. The goal is to maintain the functional stability of complex neural networks.
Origin
The term is derived from computational neuroscience and neurophysiology, where the brain is viewed as a dynamic, self-tuning system constantly optimizing its performance based on input and feedback. The concept is closely related to synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation, mechanisms that underpin learning and memory. Clinical application focuses on therapeutic strategies that intentionally guide this calibration process. This framework is essential for understanding recovery from brain injury.
Mechanism
Calibration occurs at the synaptic level through the modulation of neurotransmitter release, receptor density, and dendritic spine morphology. Hormones and neurotrophic factors, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), play a crucial modulatory role by influencing gene expression related to synaptic growth and maintenance. The overall process is essential for integrating new information and maintaining the stability of the entire neural network against internal and external perturbations. Endocrine signaling provides a powerful, systemic calibration signal.
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