What is the Origin of Nerve Growth Factor Signaling?

The concept originated with the discovery of NGF by Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen, a foundational moment in neurobiology that established the existence of neurotrophic factors. Signaling refers to the intercellular communication pathway activated by the binding of the growth factor. This pathway is a major focus in research aimed at supporting neural health and repair.

What is the Mechanism of Nerve Growth Factor Signaling?

NGF binds to two primary receptors: the high-affinity TrkA receptor and the low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Binding to TrkA activates intracellular tyrosine kinase pathways, promoting cell survival and neurite outgrowth. Conversely, p75NTR can mediate either survival or apoptosis depending on the co-receptors and cellular context. Certain hormones, notably estrogen, can modulate the expression of TrkA receptors, thereby indirectly enhancing the protective and restorative effects of endogenous NGF.

Nerve Growth Factor Signaling ∞ Area

Nerve Growth Factor Signaling

Meaning

Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) signaling describes the complex cascade of molecular events initiated when the neurotrophic protein NGF binds to its specific receptors on the surface of target neurons, primarily those in the cholinergic and sensory pathways. This signaling is essential for the survival, differentiation, and maintenance of these neurons, playing a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and preventing programmed cell death. Deficits in this pathway are strongly implicated in neurodegenerative conditions and age-related cognitive decline.