Near-Infrared Signaling refers to the biological effects elicited by exposure to light in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, typically wavelengths between 700 and 1400 nanometers. Unlike visible light, NIR light penetrates deeper into tissues and is hypothesized to exert therapeutic effects by interacting directly with cellular components, particularly within the mitochondria. This signaling is thought to enhance cellular energy production, reduce inflammation, and promote tissue repair. Clinically, this is utilized in various light therapy modalities for skin health, pain management, and systemic wellness.
Origin
This term is rooted in photobiomodulation (PBM) research, where ‘signaling’ emphasizes the non-thermal, photochemical nature of the interaction, suggesting light acts as a biological messenger. The ‘near-infrared’ specification defines the precise wavelength range used for these deep tissue effects. Its application is based on the principle that specific light frequencies can trigger beneficial cellular responses.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism involves the absorption of NIR photons by Cytochrome c Oxidase (CCO), a key enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This absorption causes a temporary dissociation of inhibitory nitric oxide (NO) from CCO, which increases oxygen consumption and ATP production. The subsequent increase in cellular energy and a cascade of secondary messengers, including reactive oxygen species, promotes gene expression related to cellular repair and anti-inflammatory pathways.
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