NAD+ replenishment strategies are a suite of therapeutic and nutritional interventions aimed at increasing the intracellular concentration of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), a crucial coenzyme involved in hundreds of metabolic processes, energy production, and DNA repair. Given that NAD+ levels decline significantly with age, these strategies are a central focus in longevity medicine, seeking to restore the youthful function of sirtuins and PARPs, which are key regulators of cellular resilience and hormonal signaling pathways. Sustaining optimal NAD+ levels is paramount for mitochondrial health and endocrine vitality.
Origin
The research originates from molecular biology and aging science, with the discovery of NAD+’s fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism and its regulatory function in gene expression through sirtuin activation. The decline of NAD+ with chronological age provided the rationale for developing replenishment strategies, which initially focused on its precursor molecules, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN).
Mechanism
These strategies primarily function by supplying precursor molecules, such as NR or NMN, which the body efficiently converts into NAD+ through salvage pathways, bypassing the rate-limiting steps of de novo synthesis. The elevated NAD+ then acts as a cofactor for enzymes like Sirtuins, which regulate metabolic homeostasis, DNA integrity, and cellular stress response, effectively supporting the energetic requirements of hormone synthesis and receptor function across the endocrine system.
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