The therapeutic strategy focused on increasing the intracellular concentrations of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential coenzyme involved in hundreds of metabolic processes, including energy production and DNA repair. NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, contributing to cellular senescence and metabolic dysfunction. Restoration efforts, often involving precursor supplementation like Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), aim to bolster cellular energy, enhance mitochondrial function, and activate sirtuin longevity pathways. Maintaining robust NAD+ levels is a key focus in hormonal health and anti-aging medicine to support systemic cellular vitality.
Origin
This concept stems from the fields of molecular biology, metabolism, and biogerontology, following the discovery of NAD+’s central role in redox reactions and its subsequent link to aging research. The term ‘restoration’ highlights the goal of reversing the age-related decline of this critical molecule. Research into sirtuins and PARPs, which consume NAD+, cemented its status as a pivotal molecule in cellular health and longevity.
Mechanism
NAD+ acts as a critical electron acceptor in the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby facilitating ATP production in the mitochondria. Beyond energy metabolism, NAD+ is a required substrate for several enzyme families involved in cellular signaling and DNA maintenance, including Sirtuins and Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerases (PARPs). By restoring NAD+ levels, cells enhance their capacity for energy generation and improve the function of these protective enzymes, leading to better stress resistance, enhanced DNA repair, and improved metabolic clarity, all of which support hormonal signaling.
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