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NAD+

Meaning

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, an essential coenzyme found in all living cells that plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism, energy production, and DNA repair. It exists in two forms, the oxidized $text{NAD}^+$ and the reduced $text{NADH}$, acting as a crucial electron carrier in redox reactions. As a key substrate for sirtuins and PARPs, $text{NAD}^+$ levels are intrinsically linked to the aging process, cellular signaling, and overall metabolic health. Declining levels of $text{NAD}^+$ with age are a hallmark of cellular senescence and dysfunction.