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Myelination Neural Plasticity

Meaning

The dynamic, life-long capacity of the central and peripheral nervous systems to modify the structure and thickness of the myelin sheath—the fatty insulation around nerve axons—in response to experience, learning, hormonal signals, and environmental demands. This form of neural plasticity is crucial for optimizing the speed and efficiency of signal transmission, directly impacting cognitive function, motor skill acquisition, and overall neurological integrity. It is a key biological determinant of cognitive throughput.