Muscle-Brain Cross-Talk is a bidirectional endocrine and neural communication loop where skeletal muscle actively signals to the central nervous system, influencing cognitive function, metabolism, and mood. This dialogue is primarily mediated by myokines, which are small protein hormones secreted by muscle fibers, along with metabolites released during physical contraction. This physiological axis highlights that muscle is not merely a motor organ but a potent endocrine gland capable of coordinating systemic health and neuroplasticity.
Origin
The term emerged in the early 21st century following the discovery that contracting muscle releases signaling molecules, leading to the reclassification of skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ, or “myokine organ.” This discovery fundamentally shifted the understanding of exercise benefits, moving beyond simple caloric expenditure to encompass complex systemic effects. The concept has rapidly gained traction as researchers identify specific myokines that cross the blood-brain barrier to exert direct neurotrophic effects.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism involves the secretion of myokines, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Irisin, in response to physical activity, especially resistance and endurance training. These molecules circulate in the bloodstream and interact with receptors in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, to promote neurogenesis, enhance synaptic plasticity, and reduce inflammation. This hormonal signaling directly links muscular fitness to cognitive resilience and metabolic health, demonstrating a powerful systemic regulatory loop.
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