The Muscle-Brain Connection, also referred to as the myokine-mediated neuro-muscular axis, describes the bidirectional communication pathway between skeletal muscle tissue and the central nervous system. This vital physiological link is mediated by a complex array of signaling molecules, including myokines released by muscle during contraction, which cross the blood-brain barrier to influence cognitive function, mood, and neurogenesis. Preserving muscle mass and function is therefore a neuroprotective strategy, as muscle acts as an endocrine organ that directly supports brain health and resilience.
Origin
This is a modern, descriptive term emerging from exercise physiology and neuroendocrinology, recognizing the active secretory role of muscle tissue beyond its mechanical function. The term gained prominence with the discovery of myokines, establishing a clear biochemical pathway for the connection. It fundamentally challenges the traditional view of muscle as a purely motor organ.
Mechanism
The mechanism involves the release of specific myokines, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), in response to physical activity. These molecules travel systemically, exerting trophic and anti-inflammatory effects on the brain. BDNF, in particular, supports neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity, which are essential for learning and memory. Conversely, neural signals from the brain, via motor neurons and the autonomic nervous system, regulate muscle contraction and metabolism, forming a critical feedback loop essential for systemic hormonal balance and energy partitioning.
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