What is the Meaning of MOTS-c?

MOTS-c, or Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c, is a recently discovered small peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome that functions as a potent mitochondrial-derived hormone. It plays a significant regulatory role in metabolic homeostasis, particularly within skeletal muscle tissue, where it enhances insulin sensitivity and promotes systemic glucose metabolism. Functionally, MOTS-c is recognized as a key mediator in the essential communication between the mitochondria and the rest of the cell, profoundly impacting longevity and overall metabolic health.

What is the Origin of MOTS-c?

The discovery of MOTS-c challenged the traditional view of the mitochondrial genome as solely encoding components for the electron transport chain, revealing a novel class of regulatory peptides with endocrine function. Its identification in 2015 marked a significant advancement in the understanding of mitochondrial signaling and its systemic effects on whole-body metabolism and aging. Research has subsequently explored its therapeutic potential in combating insulin resistance, obesity, and age-related metabolic decline.

What is the Mechanism of MOTS-c?

The peptide is synthesized within the mitochondria but can translocate to the nucleus where it influences the expression of specific genes related to metabolic pathways, including those governing fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. MOTS-c primarily functions by activating the key cellular energy sensor, the AMPK pathway, which subsequently enhances glucose utilization and protects against diet-induced insulin resistance. Furthermore, it is believed to exert an autocrine effect, directly supporting mitochondrial function and cellular resilience within the muscle tissue where it is predominantly expressed.

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MOTS-c

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