The range of beneficial physiological effects mediated by the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c, which functions as a myokine to regulate metabolic homeostasis and cellular energy production. Key benefits include enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved exercise capacity, protection against age-related metabolic decline, and promotion of mitochondrial fitness. This peptide represents a significant target for metabolic and longevity interventions.
Origin
MOTS-c, short for Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c, was discovered in 2015, establishing a new class of regulatory peptides derived from the mitochondrial genome. Its ‘benefits’ are a direct result of its role as a key communicator between the mitochondria and the nucleus, integrating metabolic demands with gene expression.
Mechanism
MOTS-c acts primarily by translocating into the nucleus to influence gene expression, specifically promoting the activity of pathways that enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. It also appears to modulate the activity of the folate cycle and influence the cellular stress response. By enhancing mitochondrial function and systemic metabolism, MOTS-c essentially acts as a molecular signal that promotes energy balance and cellular resilience, directly supporting a healthier, more active lifespan.
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