What is the Origin of Monocyte Adhesion?

The term is a core concept in cardiovascular pathology and immunology, combining 'monocyte,' a large phagocytic white blood cell, with 'adhesion,' the act of sticking to a surface. Its clinical significance was established through research on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, highlighting the role of chronic inflammation in vascular disease.

What is the Mechanism of Monocyte Adhesion?

Endothelial cells, under stress from factors like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or chronic hyperglycemia, begin to express adhesion molecules, such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. These molecules bind to corresponding integrin receptors on the surface of circulating monocytes. Once adhered, the monocytes migrate into the sub-endothelial space, differentiate into macrophages, and begin engulfing lipids, thus forming the fatty streak that precedes a mature atherosclerotic plaque.

Monocyte Adhesion ∞ Area

Monocyte Adhesion

Meaning

Monocyte Adhesion is a pathological step in the inflammatory cascade where circulating monocytes, a type of white blood cell, adhere to the activated endothelial lining of blood vessel walls. This adhesion is mediated by specific cell surface adhesion molecules and is a critical, early event in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and chronic vascular inflammation. It is a key marker of cardiovascular risk.