What is the Origin of Monoamine Oxidase?

The term originates from biochemistry and neuropharmacology, identified in the early 20th century as an enzyme that degrades amine compounds. Monoamine refers to the type of chemical substrate it acts upon, and oxidase denotes its function as an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation reaction. Its clinical significance was cemented with the development of MAO inhibitors for psychiatric disorders.

What is the Mechanism of Monoamine Oxidase?

The enzyme catalyzes the removal of the amine group from the monoamine substrate, producing an aldehyde, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. MAO-A preferentially metabolizes serotonin and norepinephrine, while MAO-B primarily targets phenylethylamine and benzylamine, though both act on dopamine. The regulation of MAO activity is a key target in psychopharmacology, as its inhibition can increase the synaptic availability of neurotransmitters, offering a therapeutic strategy for depression and Parkinson's disease.

Monoamine Oxidase

Meaning

Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) is a critical family of enzymes, specifically MAO-A and MAO-B, found predominantly in the outer membrane of mitochondria in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and gut. Their primary function is the oxidative deamination of monoamines, which includes key neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, as well as dietary and trace amines. MAO activity is essential for regulating the concentration of these neurochemicals, influencing mood, appetite, and neurological function.