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Molecular Signalling Pathways

Meaning

Molecular Signalling Pathways are the complex, interconnected networks of biochemical reactions within a cell that transmit information from external stimuli to internal cellular machinery, ultimately dictating a cell’s response or function. These pathways involve a cascade of protein-protein interactions, phosphorylation events, and second messengers that relay a signal, such as a hormone binding to its receptor, to the nucleus to alter gene expression. Understanding these pathways is essential for comprehending how hormones, nutrients, and environmental cues regulate metabolism, growth, and survival. Dysfunction in these pathways underlies many chronic and metabolic diseases.