Question 1

What is the Meaning of Molecular Correlates Wakefulness?

Accepted Answer

Molecular Correlates Wakefulness refers to the specific, measurable changes in gene expression, protein activity, and circulating metabolite concentrations that are characteristic of the brain and body's state of alertness and cognitive activity. These biochemical markers, which include certain neuropeptides, neurotransmitter levels, and immediate early genes, are distinct from those observed during sleep. Monitoring these correlates provides a precise, objective measure of the physiological state of wakefulness and its associated metabolic demands. The presence of these correlates confirms the active engagement of cognitive and somatic systems.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Molecular Correlates Wakefulness?

Accepted Answer

This term originates in the field of sleep and neuroscience, specifically the study of the brain's transition between sleep and wake states. The search for "molecular correlates" arose from the need to move beyond electrophysiological measures (like EEG) to identify the fundamental biochemical drivers and consequences of consciousness and alertness. It emphasizes the molecular signature underlying the behavioral state.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Molecular Correlates Wakefulness?

Accepted Answer

Wakefulness is maintained by the ascending arousal system, which releases key neuromodulators like acetylcholine, histamine, and orexin, whose synthesis and release constitute some of the core molecular correlates. During alertness, the transcription of immediate early genes, such as c-Fos, is rapidly induced in specific brain regions, reflecting neuronal activity. These molecular events collectively facilitate increased synaptic plasticity, heightened sensory processing, and the elevated energy expenditure required for sustained cognitive function.

Molecular Correlates Wakefulness

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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