The quantitative measure describing the rate at which new, functional mitochondria are generated within cells, a critical determinant of cellular energy capacity and overall metabolic fitness. High rates support endurance and resilience against metabolic stress.
Origin
This combines “mitochondrial biogenesis,” the creation of new mitochondria, with “rate,” quantifying the speed of this essential cellular adaptation process, often measured by mtDNA copy number changes.
Mechanism
The rate is largely governed by the activation status of PGC-1 $alpha$, a master regulator of mitochondrial function, which in turn is responsive to cellular energy demands signaled through pathways like AMPK activation following exercise or caloric restriction.
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