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Microvascular Disease

Meaning

Microvascular disease is a significant pathological condition characterized by structural damage and subsequent functional impairment of the body’s smallest blood vessels, specifically the arterioles, capillaries, and venules, which are fundamentally critical for adequate tissue perfusion and localized oxygen delivery. In the context of endocrine and metabolic health, this damage is commonly a severe, long-term complication of chronic hyperglycemia and persistent hyperinsulinemia, ultimately leading to profound clinical sequelae in highly vascularized organs such as the retina, the kidneys, and the peripheral nervous system. Early clinical detection and aggressive metabolic management are essential to prevent irreversible end-organ damage.