What is the Origin of Microneedle Drug Delivery?

The concept originated in the late 20th century as an engineering solution to the challenge of administering large molecule drugs, like insulin and growth hormone, which are poorly absorbed orally or require injection. The design draws from both material science and pharmacology to create a novel delivery platform.

What is the Mechanism of Microneedle Drug Delivery?

The mechanism relies on the microneedles creating transient aqueous pores or microchannels in the skin, allowing the drug molecules, which are either coated onto the needles or embedded in a dissolving matrix, to diffuse into the capillaries of the dermis. This route avoids first-pass hepatic metabolism and the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a bioavailability profile comparable to subcutaneous injection but with significantly reduced patient discomfort and complexity of self-administration.

Microneedle Drug Delivery ∞ Area

Microneedle Drug Delivery

Meaning

Microneedle Drug Delivery is a minimally invasive transdermal administration method that utilizes arrays of microscopic needles, typically 25 to 2000 micrometers in length, to penetrate the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. This technology bypasses the skin’s barrier function without reaching the underlying nerve endings, allowing for the painless and precise delivery of therapeutic agents, including peptides and hormones, into the dermal microcirculation. It offers a pharmacokinetic advantage over traditional topical or oral routes.