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Microglial Reactivity

Meaning

Microglial Reactivity refers to the activation and morphological transformation of microglia, the central nervous system’s resident immune cells and macrophages, in response to injury, infection, or chronic neuroinflammation. In their reactive state, microglia shift from a surveillance role to an active inflammatory or phagocytic phenotype, releasing cytokines and other mediators that can be either neuroprotective or neurotoxic. This reactivity is highly sensitive to hormonal fluctuations, particularly sex steroids, making it a critical component of neuroendocrine and mental health. The balance of microglial activation is essential for maintaining synaptic health and cognitive function.