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Microglial Quiescence

Meaning

Microglial quiescence refers to the desired, non-activated state of microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells, where they primarily function in surveillance and maintenance rather than inflammatory response. In their quiescent, or “ramified,” state, microglia are crucial for synaptic pruning, waste clearance, and secreting neurotrophic factors, thereby supporting neural circuit health. Chronic systemic inflammation or metabolic stress can trigger microglial activation, leading to a neuroinflammatory state that drives neurotoxicity and cognitive decline. Clinical strategies aim to maintain this quiescent state to prevent chronic neuroinflammation and preserve long-term brain integrity.