Microbiome Neurotransmitter Production refers to the critical biochemical capacity of the gut microbiota to synthesize and release various neuroactive compounds, including neurotransmitters and their precursors, which can influence host physiology and brain function. This process forms a vital component of the gut-brain axis, demonstrating a direct chemical link between the enteric microbial ecosystem and the central nervous system. The resultant neurochemicals modulate mood, behavior, and enteric nerve function.
Origin
This concept is a cornerstone of modern neurogastroenterology and the study of the gut-brain axis, building upon the long-recognized connection between gut health and psychological state. The term gained prominence with the advent of high-throughput sequencing, which allowed researchers to identify the specific microbial species capable of producing neuroactive molecules. It highlights the role of the gut as a “second brain” chemical factory.
Mechanism
The mechanism involves the microbial metabolism of dietary substrates, such as fermentable fibers and amino acids, into bioactive molecules. For example, certain gut bacteria can synthesize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, and dopamine from their respective amino acid precursors. These microbial-derived neurochemicals can then act locally on the enteric nervous system or, potentially, cross the blood-brain barrier or signal via the vagus nerve, thereby exerting systemic neurochemical effects.
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