Microbiome health refers to the optimal composition, diversity, and functional stability of the vast community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, that colonize the human body, particularly the gastrointestinal tract. A healthy microbiome, often termed eubiosis, is characterized by a high diversity of beneficial species and resistance to perturbation. This microbial ecosystem plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption, immune system maturation, synthesis of essential vitamins, and the regulation of the gut-brain-endocrine axes.
Origin
The concept stems from microbiology and human physiology, recognizing the collective genetic material of the microbiota as the “microbiome.” The understanding of this ecosystem’s profound impact on systemic health has led to the emergence of this term. It highlights a paradigm shift from viewing microbes as mere pathogens to recognizing them as integral, symbiotic partners in human physiology and hormonal regulation.
Mechanism
The mechanism by which the microbiome influences systemic health is multifaceted, involving the production of key metabolites, primarily short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, which modulate host energy metabolism and gut barrier integrity. Furthermore, the microbiota regulates the enterohepatic circulation of estrogens and other hormones, impacting their bioavailability and clearance. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance, can trigger chronic low-grade inflammation, contributing to insulin resistance and disrupting the finely tuned hormonal signaling pathways.
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