Microbiome-Cognition describes the functional and bidirectional relationship between the trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract and the complex cognitive processes of the host, such as memory, learning, and executive function. This connection is a core component of the gut-brain axis, where microbial metabolites and signaling molecules influence neurodevelopment and neurological health. It highlights the profound influence of gut ecology on mental performance and emotional state.
Origin
This concept is a rapidly expanding area within neuroscience and gastroenterology, building upon the established knowledge of the gut-brain axis. The specific focus on “cognition” recognizes that the influence of the microbiome extends beyond mood regulation to direct intellectual capacity. This field of study utilizes genomic and metabolomic techniques to map the communication pathways.
Mechanism
The gut microbiota influences cognition through several pathways, including the production of neurotransmitter precursors and neuromodulatory metabolites like Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). These SCFAs can cross the blood-brain barrier or signal through the vagus nerve. Furthermore, a dysbiotic microbiome can trigger systemic inflammation, which is a known factor in impairing neurogenesis and accelerating cognitive decline.
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