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Microbial Gene Expression

Meaning

Microbial gene expression refers to the intricate process by which the genetic information encoded in the DNA of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gut, collectively known as the microbiome, is transcribed into RNA and translated into functional proteins. This process dictates the metabolic output of the microbiota, including the production of short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, and various signaling molecules. Changes in microbial gene expression, often driven by diet or medications, can profoundly impact host hormonal health, immune function, and neuroendocrine signaling via the gut-brain axis. This dynamic activity is a key target for personalized health interventions.