Metformin Longevity refers to the clinical and research focus on the non-glycemic, pleiotropic effects of the biguanide drug Metformin that are hypothesized or proven to extend healthspan and potentially lifespan. While primarily a highly effective treatment for type 2 diabetes, its observed associations with reduced incidence of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality suggest broader, fundamental anti-aging properties. This area of study rigorously investigates the drug’s capacity to modulate core aging pathways independent of its primary blood glucose-lowering effects. It is a key area of interest in pharmacological geroscience and longevity research.
Origin
The term is a direct combination of the widely used drug name Metformin and the concept of longevity. The hypothesis gained significant prominence after large-scale epidemiological studies demonstrated a survival advantage in diabetic patients taking the drug compared to matched non-diabetic controls. Metformin’s historical origin traces back to the traditional use of the French lilac, Galega officinalis.
Mechanism
The proposed mechanism for its longevity benefits is centered on Metformin’s activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. This activation effectively mimics the cellular state of caloric restriction by shifting the metabolic balance toward catabolism and energy conservation. By inhibiting the mTOR pathway and improving mitochondrial function, Metformin promotes crucial cellular housekeeping processes like autophagy and enhances systemic stress resistance, which are core biological mechanisms of healthspan extension.
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