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Metal-Ion Catalysis

Meaning

Metal-ion catalysis is a fundamental biochemical process where a metal ion, such as zinc, magnesium, or iron, is incorporated into the active site of an enzyme to facilitate or accelerate a chemical reaction. These metal ions function as essential cofactors, utilizing their positive charge and specific coordination chemistry to stabilize transition states, promote substrate binding, or act as electron donors/acceptors. In the hormonal and metabolic domain, metal-ion catalysis is crucial for the function of numerous enzymes, including those involved in steroid synthesis and peptide hormone breakdown. Deficiency or excess of these metal ions can directly impair endocrine function.