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Menopause

Meaning

Menopause is the clinical term marking the permanent cessation of menstruation, diagnosed retrospectively after twelve consecutive months of amenorrhea, signifying the end of a woman’s reproductive years. Physiologically, it is characterized by the irreversible loss of ovarian follicular activity and a significant, permanent decline in the production of estrogen and progesterone. This hormonal transition is a normal, though often symptomatic, phase of female aging that requires clinical attention to manage its widespread effects on bone, cardiovascular, and cognitive health.