What is the Origin of Menopause?

The term "menopause" is a compound word derived from the Greek mēn meaning "month" and pausis meaning "a cessation." This terminology precisely describes the permanent stopping of the monthly menstrual cycle. The recognition of this specific life stage and its associated symptoms has been documented throughout medical history, though the underlying endocrinological cause—ovarian failure—was fully elucidated only in the 20th century.

What is the Mechanism of Menopause?

The mechanism of menopause is rooted in the finite supply of primordial ovarian follicles, which contain the eggs. As a woman ages, the remaining follicles become less responsive to gonadotropins (FSH and LH) and eventually cease to mature and ovulate. This cessation of ovarian activity removes the primary source of estrogen and progesterone, causing a loss of negative feedback on the pituitary. Consequently, FSH and LH levels rise dramatically as the body attempts to stimulate the non-responsive ovaries, while systemic estrogen levels drop to postmenopausal concentrations.

Menopause

Meaning

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, defined clinically as having occurred after twelve consecutive months of amenorrhea, marking the definitive end of a woman’s reproductive lifespan. This biological transition is the result of the natural depletion of ovarian follicles, leading to a profound and sustained decline in the production of estrogen and progesterone. The associated hormonal shifts precipitate a range of systemic symptoms and long-term physiological changes, necessitating a clinical focus on hormonal balance and bone health.

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