What is the Origin of Meningioma Risk?

The recognition of hormonal influence on meningioma risk stems from clinical observations showing a marked female predominance, with the incidence peaking after menopause, and the presence of progesterone and estrogen receptors within the tumor tissue. This clinical-pathological correlation established the study of steroid hormones as a key area of etiological research.

What is the Mechanism of Meningioma Risk?

The underlying mechanism involves the expression of steroid hormone receptors, specifically progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor (ER), on the meningioma cells. Exogenous progestins, particularly those in certain contraceptive or hormonal replacement formulations, can act as potent agonists on these PRs, stimulating tumor cell proliferation and growth. This hormonal stimulation provides a plausible biological pathway explaining the observed increase in risk associated with prolonged or high-dose progestin exposure.

Meningioma Risk ∞ Area

Meningioma Risk

Meaning

Meningioma risk refers to the quantifiable probability of developing a meningioma, which is the most common type of primary central nervous system tumor, arising from the meningeal layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This risk is profoundly influenced by hormonal factors, particularly exposure to endogenous and exogenous progestins and estrogens, highlighting a critical link between neuro-oncology and the endocrine system. The tumors are typically benign but can cause significant neurological morbidity due to mass effect.