What is the Origin of Melatonin Function?

This concept is central to neuroendocrinology and chronopharmacology, stemming from the discovery of melatonin as the hormone of darkness. The term describes the physiological effects of the molecule, which is chemically derived from the amino acid tryptophan.

What is the Mechanism of Melatonin Function?

Melatonin's primary function is executed through binding to MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which acts as the master circadian pacemaker, facilitating the initiation of sleep. Its antioxidant mechanism involves directly scavenging free radicals and stimulating antioxidant enzymes, thereby protecting cellular components, particularly mitochondrial DNA, from oxidative damage. The decline in its nocturnal peak with age is implicated in various age-related disturbances.

Melatonin Function ∞ Area

Melatonin Function

Meaning

The primary biological role of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, which is to regulate the circadian rhythm, particularly the timing of sleep and wakefulness. Beyond its chronobiotic role, melatonin also acts as a potent antioxidant and a modulator of immune function. Its production is tightly linked to the light-dark cycle, providing a critical signal for the body’s internal clock.