What is the Origin of Melanocortin System?

The system's discovery began with the identification of MSH's role in pigmentation, but its full scope expanded dramatically with the recognition of its central role in appetite and energy balance in the late 20th century. The subsequent cloning and characterization of the five melanocortin receptors clarified the system's diverse functions across multiple physiological domains.

What is the Mechanism of Melanocortin System?

The primary mechanism involves the agonistic action of POMC-derived peptides, such as $alpha$-MSH, on the melanocortin receptors, particularly MC3R and MC4R in the hypothalamus, to regulate energy intake and expenditure. Conversely, the Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) acts as an endogenous antagonist, competing for binding and promoting feeding behavior. The precise balance of these opposing signals at the MC4R receptor is a critical determinant of an individual's body weight and metabolic set point.

Melanocortin System

Meaning

The Melanocortin System is a complex neuropeptide signaling network in the central nervous system, primarily involved in regulating fundamental physiological processes such as appetite, energy homeostasis, sexual function, and skin pigmentation. It is comprised of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, including α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH), and their five corresponding G-protein coupled receptors (MC1R-MC5R). This system acts as a key integrator of metabolic and behavioral signals within the hypothalamus.

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